Coparing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Coparing - Essay Example On the hand, the characters of Lost suffered injuries of varying degrees – some survivors were revived with CPR, some wounds were stitched up, while others were fatal. There were even survivors who were killed on the island when the wreckage blew up. Another apparent difference between the two scenarios is the fact that in the novel, the plane wreck was not on the island. So the boys had to make everything they need out of what are available on the island. The only thing that they have from civilization is Piggy’s eye glass which they used to create a fire. In stark contrast, in the TV series Lost, the wreckage of the plane was on the island. Hence the survivors were able to retrieve their belongings as well as the cargo of the plane. The Lost survivors had food, fire, clothing, blankets as well as first aid kits to keep them warm and safe on their first night. Because they already have their primary needs, they had the time to look out for one another and to think things over. Moreover, while the novel features a rather homogenous cast of innocent pre-adolescent boys, the series Lost have a more realistic composition of characters with a representative sample for different age groups, race, gender and even skills. While the boys had to conduct a meeting in order to organize themselves, the adults of lost do not need supervision from anybody. Everyone took the initiative to be of help to one another. One creates fire and asks another to keep it going while another person gathered food and distributed them to the other survivors. Finally, between the boys of the novel Lord of the Flies and the men and women of the TV series Lost, the latter have far better chances of survival and of being rescued back into civilization. First, the boys were at an age where they are still generally under the care of their parents. There is the presumption that they still lack the

Special Interests Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Special Interests - Essay Example They work to elect politicians who can understand their cause and have sympathy for them. Also the role is to involve people who can conduct secret and at times, open propaganda campaigns. There are a number of interest groups prevalent within any society. These comprise of the economic associations which can include trade unions, chambers of commerce and industries and some religious bodies. Then there are the professional associations which have within their fore architects, doctors, lawyers and certain other professionals (Tilt, 1994). The third type of interest group is made up of public interest groups where the inclusion is of friends of environment with a single aim towards benefiting people beyond their mere memberships. The fourth is a special interest group which is essentially a subgroup that is formed within the framework of a bigger group and that emphasizes upon a narrow interest scope. Interest groups try their best to defend a status quo and to maintain it over a peri od of time. It is for this reason that interest groups are hailed differently from the pressure groups. These interest groups have a properly defined intention behind their formation and this is the reason why they are openly advocated for by their proponents and supporters. These individuals feel that these interest groups represent what they would like to suggest to all and sundry, as well as depict the truest picture for their own sake as far as the societal manifestations are concerned. Interest groups are always seen with an eye of skepticism because they have their own intentions to look after. Moreover, the manner under which they exist raise quite a few opinions on the part of the people. Some of the examples related with these interest groups are the National Rifle Association (NRA), People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) and many more. These interest groups rely on the people within the society to make up their vital opinion and hence come forward. As a case in point, NRA has an interest within the opposition of anything that is anti-arm and is thus a complete defender of the Second Amendment’s rights (Kleiner, 2002). On the other hand, PETA empathizes with the animals and solicits the response of the people within a community to come up with ethical solutions so that moral grounds could be founded for the animals in order for their survival domains (Pizam, 2008). Hence the role of these interest groups is of immense significance within this day and age as they mold public opinion and look to form a basis for critical issues that plague a society in one way or the other. It would be true on the part of the society to liaise with the interest groups so that the collective endeavors can have a long-lasting impact on the realms of the society and its inmates can heave a sigh of relief from the pressing issues, cropping up every now and then. There are a number of examples with regards to these interest groups but what remains importan t is their effort to set things right within the terrains of a society. If this happens, then interest groups will serve their purpose well. However, if this is not done in an adequate manner, then there are serious concerns with their formation in the first place. 2. Discuss the relationship between interest groups and political parties. The relationship between interest groups and political parties is one of significance.  

Academic Achievement of Homeschooled Children Essay Example for Free

Academic Achievement of Homeschooled Children Essay These days many American children are schooled at home, with the number growing more and more per year; however, t the same time home schooling has received less attention than other recent changes in the educational system. It could be argued that home schooling may have a much larger impact on educational system, both in the short and long run. This research will basically provide the home school population, its growth and its characteristics. Also, with the beginning of a discussion of the data sources used in the analysis, this research examines characteristics of home schooled children and their families such as those characteristics most relevant for gauging trends in home schooling. Lastly, there will be talked about implications of home schooling for regular schools and a brief conclusion. Therefore, based on all these researches, I am going to research whether or not home-based education cause higher academic achievement than the institutional schooling in U. S. A. Proposal Methods The researchers will use quantitative research regarding the influence of the educational background of parents on the performance of their home schooled children. The performance of the home schooled children will be quantified in comparison with the public school children with also varying educational backgrounds. Survey method—using will be used in order to obtain the more generalized results of the study. Participants will be contacted first through phone to have permission or consent of being part of the study. This part will also inform the family, especially the parents about the research study that will be conducted. According to Timothy Johnson of University of Illinois at Chicago, having an informed consent of the participants is part of the ethics of conducting researches. (Johnson) If the participants agree on being part of the study, mailed questionnaires will be distributed. The group that I propose to study is 75 homeschooled eleventh (11th) and twelfth (12th) graders. The chosen sample size is a significant number in order to study the influence of the educational background of parents on their homeschooled children since 75 is not much of a high number, making it too pricey or having too much effort given on the study, or not too low of a number. Studies were also made regarding the influence of parents on their homeschooled children, but these studies were more focused on the primary education (Grades 1-4, as indicated in the Literature Review), and not on the high school level. This study will further explore if the influence of parent’ educational background will change if the students are at a higher level of schooling. This study will also be limited on eleventh and twelfth graders. The sample size 75 students will be divided into three groups. Group 1 will consist of children that have been schooled at home by parents that have less than a high school education. Group 2 will consist of children that have been homeschooled by parents that have a high school education. Group 3 will consist of 25 children that have been homeschooled by parents. Additionally, 75 public school children also in eleventh (11th) and twelfth (12th) grade will serve as the control group. Group 4 will consist of children that have been schooled in the public school system and whose parents have less than a high school education. Group 5 will consist of 25 children have been schooled in public school and have parents that have a high school education and Group 6 will consist of 25 children that have been schooled in public school whose parents have a college education. These particular groups were chosen to research two key areas addressed in the research proposal. First the area of whether homeschooled children outperform those that are educated by public school. Second this method will attempt to address if the parents education significantly impacts academic achievement in both groups. Eleventh (11th) and Twelfth (12th) grade students were chosen for this research because they are at the end of their respective high school education and one can better assess their overall education. Obtaining the data necessary to conduct the research will consist identifying the test subjects in home school by contacting a home school association within the target state(s) for a mailing list of parents. A small questionnaire will be sent out to ascertain the educational background of parents with return postage and a request that they mail the questionnaire back. This feedback will be divided into the three groups identified to study. At this point, 25 families will be randomly chosen from each group and contacted by the researcher via telephone. If a family elects not to be part of the study group, another family will be randomly chosen from that category. The researchers will continue to distribute questionnaires on families that fit the criteria, until a response is made. Once a telephone interview with the parents is conducted and they have agreed to participate, a paper assessment will be mailed to the family. A return envelope with postage paid will be sent with the assessment. This assessment will be an ACT/SAT style test addressing the four main academic components: Math, Reading, Science, and English. The child or children will have 24 hours to complete the assessment and return it to either the post office or mailbox so that the return envelope can be stamped for that day. This method will put urgency into the test being completed and sent back and may reduce some forms of cheating. While a computerized test was considered, it may not be possible for all children schooled at home to have computer access so a paper assessment was the most versatile method of data collection. The same process will be conducted for the public school children. Eligible families will be identified by contacting the target state(s) Department of Education. Again, a paper questionnaire will be sent asking for data on the parents’ education and a request to return it. These parents will also be contacted for permission. Once consent is given, the assessment will be sent to the family with the same procedure outlined above. In Groups 1, 2, and 3 we can assess the general academic achievement of children schooled at home. We can also measure, to a degree, how much the parents own education impacts the academic achievements of the child or children. The same is true of Groups 4, 5, and 6. In the case of the latter group, parents’ education may not be relevant however it is necessary for the continuity of the study. In order to obtain accurate results, these assessments should be conducted sometime within the school year after the first quarter of either the eleventh (11th) or (12th) grade. Students should be assessed after being accustomed to their routine learning guidelines in their respective schooling. Respondents will also be assured that they will be guaranteed that their responses will be confidential, as also stated in the Code of Standards of Council of American Survey Research Organizations. (Council of American Survey Research Organizations, 2009) In a working paper written for the U. S. Census Bureau, Kurt Bauman pointed out several characteristics that may determine home school trends (Bauman, 2001). However, the purpose of this study is purely to identify academic achievement within both the home school student group and public school student group. SURVEY QUESTIONS: The survey questions will be divided into three parts: basic information, performance section. These questions will be the same for Groups 1, 2, and 3, and Groups 4, 5, and 6. The first part, as the name says, contains all the basic information about the student and the parents. This part will include the educational background of the parents, the reasons for home schooling, what they know about the regulations regarding home schooling of their state, etc. The questionnaire for those that are homeschooled, in order, will provide this series of questions: name, name of parents, age, grade, educational background of parents, number of years being homeschooled, reason/s of being homeschooled, and organizations that are involved in regarding homeschooling. The questions, on the other hand, of those that are in public schools will be the same of the homeschooled questionnaire, except for the last three questions. The next part on the other hand, will include the academic test that will determine the performance of the student. The students will answer questions on subject matters like Math, Science, Reading and English, in order to at least have a grasp about their overall academic knowledge. ETHICS ON RESEARCH The researchers acknowledge the fact that the study can be a critical matter especially for parents since discrimination, especially on educational backgrounds, might be possible. However, it is also an essential for the researchers to keep in mind the ethics of conducting a research as stated by Thomas Watson. First is that the researchers will give privacy to the respondents, meaning they can willingly say or not say information that they aren’t comfortable with. Second, the researchers will ensure voluntary participation—that is, the researchers will respect if they want to be part of the research or not. Lastly, the researchers will maintain confidentiality and non-attribution. The respondents will remain to be anonymous. (Watson, 1996) References Bauman, Kurt J. , Home Schooling in the United States: Trends and Characteristics, (2001). Retrieved April 13, 2010 from the U. S. Census Bureau website: http://www. census. gov/population/www/documentation/twps0053/twps0053. html Literature Review Academic Achievement of Homeschooled Children Does home-based education cause higher academic achievement than the institutional schooling in California? Early studies as well as the more recent studies illustrate that this is indeed possible, as they examine the academic performances of homeschooled students in different locations and with various independent variables. For instance, Belfield and Levin (2005) showed that homeschooled students have better SAT verbal scores than the non-homeschooled students. Although homeschooled students have higher SAT math scores as well, the gap seems to be greater in the verbal scores (Belfield Levin, 2005). After controlling for 21 independent variables, Belfield and Levin showed that the advantage of homeschooled students over private school students was reduced, but the great gap still exists when the comparison is between homeschooled students and public schools students. Moreover, the scores of the homeschooled students and private school students in SAT are at par with each other, with no group outperforming the other (Belfield Levin, 2005). According to Basham et al. (2007), whether having at least one or no parent as a certified teacher do not significantly matter on the achievement levels of the homeschooled children, although parents who acquired university degree have homeschooled children who outperform significantly those parents who did not earned a degree. However, Bansham illustrate that regardless of these parental backgrounds, homeschooled children all scored between the range of 80 to 90 percent, as opposed to the average score of 63 percent for public school students, who have parents with university degree and average score of 28 percent of public school students who have parents with no degree. Moreover, around 25 percent of homeschooled students have academic performances better than students above their age-level studying either in public or private schools (Bauman, 2002). This can be seen in grade 1 to 4 homeschooled students. All of them perform better compared to the performance of the non-homeschooled students of at least one-grade level higher (McDowell Ray, 2000). When it comes to 8th grade, the homeschooled students have academic performances better than non-homeschooled students at least four grade levels higher. All these evidences illustrate that being homeschooled leads to better academic performances despite the children’s background, which would have played negative roles when the children were not homeschooled (McDowell Ray, 2000). Homeschooling reduce or eliminate altogether the negative effects low family income, low parental educational attainment, large family size, race or ethnicity or even gender would have played if the students were not educated in the home setting (Bansham et al. , 2007, Ray, 2000; Ray Eagleson, 2008). Not having computers or other materials required by formal schools or not having access to public libraries seems not to matter as much for homeschooled students as compared to homeschooled students as well (Bansham et al. , 2007). All these factors do not affect how the children perform academically either. The academic achievements of homeschooled children cannot be generalized. Researchers doubt generalizations because it is difficult to compare homeschooled children and those who are not. However, despite all the doubts of the generalizabilty of the better academic performance of homeschooled children, more and more studies are producing evidence that homeschooled children achieve better performance against their non-homeschooled peers on various types of tests (Basham et al, 2007). The present study will determine if in California, the same findings would emerge. the scores of the homeschooled students and certain Californian private school students in SAT will be examined to test this. Factors such as socio-economic background, gender and ethnicity will also be tested to determine whether each of them will have a significant relationship with the academic achievement of homeschooled students in California. Homeschooling laws depend on the state where the family is residing—whether be it the requirements of the parents, the testing procedure, etc. In a state like Washington, parents are required to have 45 quarter units of college level credit, complete parent qualifying course, an average of an hour a week meeting with a certified teacher, and a qualification to provide home-based teaching instruction by the superintended of the local school district. (Russell, 2008) The case is otherwise different in Michigan since no law requires for parents or teachers to have certain qualifications in order to teach. ( Home School Legal Defense Association, 2009) According to Home School Legal Defense Association, there are already 40 states that adopted the home school regulations. It is also stated in their website that â€Å"Forty-one states do not require home school parents to meet any specific teacher qualifications. The eight states which require only a high school diploma or a GED are: GA, NC, NM, OH, PA, SC, TN, and WV. DC also requires either a high school diploma or GED. (In TN, there is no qualification requirement for grades K-8 if home school is associated with a church-related school). The remaining state has the following qualification requirements: ND requires only a high school diploma or GED, provided that the parent is monitored by a certified teacher for two years. † There are three states who qualify home school teachers to be â€Å"competent† such as CA, KS, and NY. Having less than GED are considered to be competent in those three states. (Home School Legal Defense Association) References Bansham, P. , Merrifield, J. , Hepburn, C. R. (2007). â€Å"Home Schooling: From the Extreme to the Mainstream. Studies in Education Policy. † The Fraser Institute. Retrieved from http://www. netzwerk-bildungsfreiheit. de/pdf/From_the_extreme_to_the_mainstream. pdf Bauman, K. J. (2002). Home schooling in the United States: Trends and Characteristics. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 10(26). Retrieved from http://epaa. asu. edu/epaa/v10n26. html. Belfield, Clive R. and Henry M. Levin (2005). Privatizing Education Choice: Consequences for Parents, Schools and Public Policy. Boulder, C. O. : Paradigm Publishers. McDowell, Susan A. and Brian D. Ray (2000). â€Å"The Home Education Movement in Context, Practice, and Theory. † Peabody Journal of Education, 75(11), 1-7 Ray, B. D. (2000). Home schooling: The ameliorator of negative influences on learning? Peabody Journal of Education, 75(1 2), 71-106. Ray, B. D. , Eagleson, B. K. (2008, August 14). State regulation of homeschooling and homeschoolers’ SAT scores. Journal of Academic Leadership, 6(3). Retrieved from http://www. academicleadership. org/emprical_research/State_Regulation_of_Homeschooling_and_Homeschoolers_SAT_Scores. shtml Bibliography Home School Legal Defense Association. (2009). Home Schooling in the United States: A Legal Analysis. Retrieved April 30, 2010, from Home School Legal Defense Association: http://www. hslda. org/laws/analysis/Michigan. pdf Council of American Survey Research Organizations. (2009). CASRO Code of Standards and Ethics for Survey Research. Retrieved April 29, 2010, from Council of American Survey Research Organizations: http://www. casro. org/codeofstandards. cfm Home School Legal Defense Association. (n. d. ). Summary of Home School Laws in the Fifty States. Retrieved April 29, 2010, from Home School Legal Defense Association: http://www. hslda. org/laws/Summary_of_Laws. pdf Johnson, T. (n. d. ). Ethical Issues in the Conduct of Survey Research. Retrieved April 29, 2010, from College of Urban Planning and Public Affairs: http://www. srl. uic. edu/seminars/ethicsint. htm Russell, L. (2008, June 12). Washington Homeschool Law. Retrieved April 29, 2010, from Suite 101: http://homeschool-regulations. suite101. com/article. cfm/washington_homeschool_law Watson, T. (1996). Survey and Interview Ethics for Data Gatherers and Respondents. Retrieved April 30, 2010, from Independent Job Analysis: http://www. ijoa. org/imta96/paper64. html

Cottage and Small Scale Industries Analysis

Cottage and Small Scale Industries Analysis PESTLE ANALYSIS OF COTTAGE AND SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES PREFACE AS MBA Degree requires equal attention practical as well as theoretical aspect of the business, various problems are to be dealt with in these courses, that is why research programs are there to give deep as well as through knowledge of the subjects. I have attempted to live up these requisites while preparing this term paper. It is part of professional courses. With the help of term paper we can able to understand the deep knowledge about the specific topic assign to us. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY * To know what is PESTLE.  · PESTLE analysis of COTTAGE AND SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES.  · To find the problems faced by the Cottage and small scale industries and give suggestion . PESTLE analysis INTRODUCTION PESTLE analysis stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental analysis and describes a framework of macro-environmental factors used in the environmental scanning component of strategic management. Some analysts added Legal and rearranged the mnemonic to SLEPT; inserting Environmental factors expanded it to PESTEL or PESTLE, which is popular in the UK. The model has recently been further extended to STEEPLE and STEEPLED, adding education and demographic factors. It is a part of the external analysis when conducting a strategic analysis or doing market research, and gives an overview of the different macroenvironmental factors that the company has to take into consideration. It is a useful strategic tool for understanding market growth or decline, business position, potential and direction for operations. The growing importance of environmental or ecological factors in the first decade of the 21st century have given rise to green business and encouraged widespread use of an updated version of the PEST framework. STEER analysis systematically considers Socio-cultural, Technological, Economic, Ecological, and Regulatory factors. * Political factors, are how and to what degree a government intervenes in the economy. Specifically, political factors include areas such as tax policy, labour law, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs, and political stability. Political factors may also include goods and services which the government wants to provide or be provided (merit goods) and those that the government does not want to be provided (demerit goods or merit bads). Furthermore, governments have great influence on the health, education, and infrastructure of a nation. * Economic factors include economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and the inflation rate. These factors have major impacts on how businesses operate and make decisions. For example, interest rates affect a firms cost of capital and therefore to what extent a business grows and expands. Exchange rates affect the costs of exporting goods and the supply and price of imported goods in an economy * Social factors include the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety. Trends in social factors affect the demand for a companys products and how that company operates. For example, an ageing population may imply a smaller and less-willing workforce (thus increasing the cost of labor). Furthermore, companies may change various management strategies to adapt to these social trends (such as recruiting older workers). * Technological factors include ecological and environmental aspects, such as RD activity, automation, technology incentives and the rate of technological change. They can determine barriers to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence outsourcing decisions. Furthermore, technological shifts can affect costs, quality, and lead to innovation. * Environmental factors include weather, climate, and climate change, which may especially affect industries such as tourism, farming, and insurance.Furthermore, growing awareness to climate change is affecting how companies operate and the products they offerit is both creating new markets and diminishing or destroying existing ones. * Legal factors include discrimination law, consumer law, antitrust law, employment law, and health and safety law. These factors can affect how a company operates, its costs, and the demand for its products. COTTAGE AND SMALL INDUSTRIES Introduction Small-scale and cottage industries play a very vital role in the countrys economy despite the phenomenal growth in the large-scale sector. In fact, the small-scale sector is playing a vital role in the growth of national economies the world over and is considered to be the engine of growth in most countries. The small-scale industries are labour intensive and provide employment to nearly 1.86 crores persons in the country. The emphasis on Village and Small-Scale Industries (SSIs) has always been an integral part of the Indian Industrial strategy, more so after the Second Five Year Plan. It was envisaged that Village and Small-Scale Industries would play an important role as producer of consumer goods and absorber of surplus labour thereby addressing to the problems of poverty and unemployment. Other advantages of small industries are that they ensure a more equitable distribution of national income, enhance balanced regional industrial development, act as a nursery for entrepreneurship and facilitate mobilization of local resources and skills which might otherwise remain unutilized. Consequently, the Government of India had been encouraging and supporting the promotion of Small-Scale Industries through deliberate policies such as: 1) Protection from large-scale industries, 2) Capital subsidies, 3) Differential tax treatment, 4) Reservation etc. The Government continues to provide protection to the small scale sector, inter-alia, through the policy of reserving items for exclusive manufacture in the small-scale sector. Industrial undertakings other than the small-scale industrial undertakings engaged in the manufacture of items reserved for exclusive manufacture in the small-scale sector are required to obtain an industrial licence and undertake an export obligation of 50 per cent of the annual production. However, the condition of licensing is not applicable to such industrial undertakings operating under 100 per cent Export Oriented Undertakings Scheme, the Export Processing Zone and the Special Economic Zone Schemes. The reservation policy was introduced in 1967 an attempt to protect SMEs from competition from corporations and 44 goods were specified to be exclusively manufactured by SMEs (Large Corporations were allowed to enter this sector on condition that 50% of their produce would be exported). As a result, SMEs dominated readymade garments, leather goods, autocomponents, electrical appliances and the hand tool industries. Over the years, the number of items reserved for SMEs increased and it stood at over 800 in 1989. However, the Abid Hussain Committee set up by the Government of India which submitted its report in January 1997 observed that the reservation policy was inconsistent with the current trade reforms which allow free import of a large majority of the goods and most of the remaining can be imported under the special Import Licence. The number of reserved items has, therefore, been coming down. Industrial undertakings with investment in plant and machinery up to Re. 1 crore qualify for the status as small-scale or ancillary industrial undertaking with effect from 24 December 1999. The investment limit for tiny units is Rs. 25 lakh. The Small-Scale Industry sector has emerged as a dynamic and vibrant sector of the Indian economy in recent years, displaying phenomenal growth in the field of production, employment and dispersed development in general and exports in particular. There are nearly 34 lakhs Small-Scale Industries in the county accounting for about 40% of the gross value of output in the manufacturing sector and about 34% of the total exports of the country. It provides employment to nearly 186 lakhs persons, which is second only to agriculture. The Small-Scale sector contributes amply to other socio-economic aspects such as reduction in income inequalities, product diversification, dispersed development of small industries and linkage with other sectors of the economy. Position as in 2007-2008 No. of small scale industries units Rs.66.70 lakhs Production at current prices Rs.9,45,496 crores Employment 386 lakh persons Exports Rs.89,978 crores POLITICAL ANALYSIS- Eleventh Plan Programmes During the year 2008-09, a number of new schemes were or are to be taken up for implementation.  · New Anna Marumalarchi Thittam under 15 Points Programme of Chief Minister to promote Agro-Based /Food Processing Industries with investment of one crore and above in each of 385 blocks of the State with special package incentives and Escort Support, to generate employment and to uplift rural economy.  · On-line Registration and issue of Provisional SSI Registration Certificate to new Entrepreneurs through the approved Browsing Centres at District and Taluk Headquarters was inaugurated by the Chief Minister on 12.9.2002. On-line filing for Permanent SSI Registration Certificate is also proposed to be introduced. The furnishing of data by SSI units through online will also be introduced.  · Public Private Partnership Concept for maintenance and infrastructure in the Estate, Business Development/ Documentation / Advisory Services / Consultancy Services/ Marketing Assistance, Common Facility Centres and Product Display Business Development Centres, Human Resource Development for development of SSI sector. Under this scheme, a part of Capital Cost shall be borne by the Association / State and Central Government and the Balance Capital Cost shall be obtained as loan from financial institutions  · Cluster Development Scheme with 75% of the cost of the Project as Grant will be provided by Government of India towards creation of infrastructure facilities/ services for development of Industrial Clusters.  · Formation of Export Guidance Cell under the chairmanship of the District Collector in the District Industries Centres to provide information on export activities, potential and procedural matters for export and to initiate measures for development of export in the State. On Going Schemes Centrally Sponsored Schemes 1)Setting up of Nucleus Cells A new Scheme of Collection of monthly production details from the selected sample Small Scale Industrial Units was introduced for the purpose of computing Index of Industrial production so as to assess the growth of this Sector. This has assumed national importance because of the present economic scenario. The DC (SSI) has provided Computer Hardware and Software to the 11 selected District Industries Centres and to the district offices for transferring the IIP to the Directorate of National Informatics Centre, and DC (SSI), New Delhi. A sum of Rs. 4.25 crores has been proposed for eleventh Plan for this scheme towards staff costs which will be fully met by Government of India. 2. Prime Ministers Rozgar Yojana Scheme (PMRY) PMRY.scheme for providing Self-Employment to Educated Unemployed Youth was announced by the Prime Minister of India on 15th August 1993 to provide Self-employment opportunities to one million educated unemployed youth in the country. This Scheme benefits persons who are educated unemployed youth in the age group of 18 to 35 years and having passed VIII standard with family income not exceeding Rs. 40,000/- (per annum). The age limit has been relaxed upto 45 Years in respect of SC/STs, Ex-Serviceman, physically handicapped and women from 1.4.99 onwards. Preference is being given to those who have received training in any trade in Government approved/ recognised Institutions (I.T.I. etc) for a period of at least 6 months. The Scheme envisages 22.5% reservation for SC/ST candidates and 27% for other backward classes. An outlay of Rs. 8.50 crores is proposed for implementation of the Scheme during Tenth Plan. The entire amount will be borne by Government of India. Centrally Shared Schemes Market Development Assistance States Share for sale of coir by Indl . Co-operative Socities Under this scheme, all the Coir products are eligible for assistance throughout the year. A sum of Rs. 2.25 crores has been provided for eleventh plan period towards the States share for this scheme. Entrepreneur Development Institute (E.D.I.) It is proposed to establish an E.D.I. with model of E.D.I. Ahmedabad. This is meant to meet the entrepreneurial needs of the Southern Region in future. During eleventh Plan a sum of Rs. 4.50 crores has been provided for this scheme towards States share. State Schemes 1.Industrial Estates-Maintenance (Maintenance of Additional sheds in TACEL at Vridhachalam.) TACEL Industrial Estate, Vridhachalam comprises of total area of 42.80 acres and at present there are 64 Units on rental basis. For maintenance of the sheds in the Industrial Estate during the eleventh Plan period a sum of Rs. 50 lakh will be provided. 2. Technical Information Sections in Industrial Estates The Technical Information Sections are functioning at Guindy, Ambattur, Madurai, Pettai, Katpadi, Trichy, Coimbatore and Salem to disseminate information to the industrialists and prospective entrepreneurs. The Sections have libraries containing technical books on Science, Technology, Management, Industrial Information Digests and Journals, Project profiles on SSI and details of ISI specifications for various products. The Technical Information Section, Guindy has a well-furnished auditorium with a video scope system. For the eleventh Plan period Rs. 80 lakhs is provided for maintenance of Technical Information Sections. 3. State Industries Centres EDP Training, Women Entrepreneur Development Programme, Construction of DIC building, maintenance, contribution to specific fund (TTM) etc. It is proposed to train 1,25,000 women entrepreneurs within a period of five years from 2007-08 to 2011-12 at the rate of 25,000 women per year. . An amount of Rs. 9.97 crores is provided. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS In 1947 after gaining independence, India initiated a path of industrialization to achieve economic prosperity. India focused on developing the manufacturing base. Much of the countries development was done through the five year plans. Industries like iron and steel, oil refineries, cement and fertilizer were brought under the gamut of public sector enterprises. The decision makers then encouraged the development of small scale industries. They perceived that Indian small scale industries would play a vital role in the economic progress of the country and had immense potential for employment generation. Developing small scale sector would also result in decentralized industrial expansion, better distribution of wealth and to encourage investment and entrepreunial talent. The government has initiated several policies for the growth and development of small scale industries. They included reservation of certain items to be manufactured only by the small scale sector. Other measures include credit marketing, technology, and entrepreneurship development, fiscal, financial and infrastructural support. In 1999, the government established the Ministry of Small Scale Industries and Agro and Rural industries to make policy decisions for the development and well being. Initially the small scale sector was characterized as traditional labor intensive units with outdated machineries and inefficient production techniques. But in the recent past the condition of the small scale units has improved. Today they have installed modern machines, applied better management techniques and are much more productive. SSI-Location Small Scale Industries are located throughout the country, though predominantly in the rural areas. The small scale industries in the rural areas are skill based, wherein the skill for manufacturing is passed on from one generation to another. Some of the goods manufactured in these units are textile handicrafts, woodcarving, stone carving, metal ware etc. Small scale industrial factories are also present in urban areas and usually they account for the maximum volume of production for that particular good in the country. For e.g. Ludhiana in the state of Punjab is the main center in the country for producing woolen hosiery, sewing machine parts, bicycles and its parts, similarly Tiruppur in Tamil Nadu accounts for small scale firms. Post Liberalization Post liberalization economic conditions has created immense growth prospect for the small scale industries. The government has also supported the small scale industries by the way of implementing policies like investment ceiling for the SSI sector and priority lending. The formation of WTO in 1995 resulted in a major challenge to the well being of the SSI. The protection given to the SSI in the form of reservation and quantitative restrictions has been withdrawn. More than 160 items reserved under the SSI category have been de reserved. It has been found that if the SSI upgrades the technology, adopt better management practices, reengineer the factories to improve productivity and provide qualitative product, they would be competitive in the post WTO scenario. The advancement in computer and telecommunication technology, increase in e commerce, opening up of markets due to WTO, mergers and acquisitions, improved infrastructure and outsourcing noncore area of business have all contrib uted to the growth of SSI. SOCIAL ANALYSIS The small scale sector has played a very important role in the socio-economic development of the country during the past 50years. It has significantly contributed to the overall growth in terms of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), employment generation and exports. The performance of the small scale sector, therefore, has a direct impact on the growth of the overall economy. The performance of the small scale sector in terms of parameters like number of units (both registered and unregistered), production, employment and exports is given in Table 7.15. According to projections made by the Ministry of Small Scale Industries during 2007-08, the SSI sector recorded growth in production of 8.09 per cent over the previous year. The small scale industries sector has recorded higher growth rate than the industrial sector as a whole (6.9 per cent during 2007-08). It contributed about 40 per cent towards the industrial production as a whole and 35 per cent of direct exports from the country.The Government has been taking various measures from time to time in order to enhance the productivity, efficiency and competitiveness of the SSI sector. In pursuance of the comprehensive policy package announced last year, the major developments that have taken place in the SSI sector during 2007-08. Sickness in the SSI Sector As on March 31, 2008, there were 5,49,630 sick SSI units which had obtained loans from banks. An amount of Rs. 6,506 crore of bank credit was blocked in these units. Of these only 23,076 units were considered potentially viable by the banks with outstanding credit of Rs. 399 crore. Further, banks had identified 4,25,488 units with outstanding bank credit amounting to Rs. 5,943 crore as unviable. Rehabilitation of sick units is a costly proposition as it involves rescheduling of past overdues with concessions on interest amount due, additional credit for modernisation and technology upgradation and provision for fresh working capital. Presently, the State Level Inter- Institutional Committee (SLIIC) of banks and financial institutions is the only forum looking into rehabilitation of potentially viable sick SSI units. However, in the absence of statutory backing, SLIICs has no power to enforce its decisions. To tackle the problem of rehabilitation of potentially viable sick SSI units, the RBI constituted a working group on November 25, 2008 under the chairmanship of Shri S.S. Kohli, the chairman of Indian Banks Association, to look into the issue. The Working Group submitted its report in May, 2008. All the major recommendations of the working group have been accepted by the RBI, including a change in the definition of Sick SSI units, norms for deciding on the viability of sick units, etc. The revised definition would enable banks to take action at an early stage for revival of the units.Based on the accepted recommendations of the Working Group, the RBI has drawn up the revised guidelines for Rehabilitation of Sick SSI units, which have been circulated on January 16, 2008 to all the Banks for implementation. TABLE 7.15 Overall performance of Small Scale Industry Year No. of units Production Employment Exports (in million) (at current (at constant (at current prices) prices) prices) (1993-94) (Rs.crore) (Rs.crore) (in millions) (US $ in Billions) 2001-02 2.94 4,62,641 3,57,749 16.72 11.96 (5.0) (12.3) (8.4) (4.5) (8.1) 2003-04 3.08 5,20,650 3,85,296 17.16 11.64 (4.8) (12.5) (7.7) (2.6) (-2.7) 2005-06 6.21 5,72,887 4,16,736 17.85 17.51 (4.2) (10.0) (8.2) (4.0) (7.5) 2007-08(E ) 9.37 7,45,496 6,50,450 26.56 24.13 (6.0) (17.7) (15.1) (8.0) (9.0) Notes : s in the brackets give percentage growth over previous year. E :Estimates BOX 7.6 Developments that have taken place during the year 2007-08 for the SSI Sector 1.The investment limit for units in hosiery and hand tool sub sectors was enhanced from Rs. 5 crore to Rs.10 crore 2. The corpus fund set up under the Credit Guarantee Fund Scheme has been raised to Rs. 200 crore from Rs. 525 crore. 3. Credit Guarantee cover against an aggregate credit of Rs. 52.88 crore was provided. 4. 14 items were dereserved on June 29, 2008 related to leather goods, shoes and toys. 5. A new scheme named Market Development Assistance Scheme was launched exclusively for the SSI sector. 6. Under the Cluster Development Programme, 4 UNIDO assisted projects have been commissioned during the year. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS With a view to meeting the infrastructure needs of the micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the state, the government plans to set up exclusive industrial parks for these units in different states. The proposed industrial parks will come up in major industrial hubs in the state and will have all basic infrastructure facilities like water supply, power, waste management, testing laboratories and other civic amenities. The locations identified for establishment of these industrial parks include NOIDA in U.P,MOHALI in Punjab,SIDCUL in Uttarakhand, Kalinga Nagar, Barbil, Jharsuguda, Sambalpur, Dhenkanal, Angul, Paradeep, Rourkela, Bragarh, Balasore, Dhamra, Gopalpur, Chhatrapur, Raygada, Kalahandi and Choudwar etc. The government also intends to set up industrial parks closer to the special economic zones (SEZs). The state-owned Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation (Idco) has been entrusted with the promotion of the industrial parks, sources said. It will put in place the required infrastructure for the MSMEs and will also upgrade and maintain the infrastructure facilities in the existing industrial estates and growth centres in association with the user industries. It may be noted that the new MSME Development Policy adopted by the state government emphasizes infrastructure development to meet the needs of the MSMEs. Besides, it says that 20 per cent of the area in the industrial parks, industrial estates, industrial corridors and land banks will be reserved for MSME units. The services of the large units are mostly outsourced, which provides ample scope for the growth of the micro and small units. With the mother industry around, the external infrastructure will be automatically developed, and the proposed industrial parks being equipped with all the basic infrastructure facilities, the MSMEs can readily move in and set up their units. To facilitate the setting up of downstream and ancillary industries in the state, 10 per cent of the total land requirement of the large and mega units, subject to a ceiling of 200 acres, is proposed to be earmarked for such industries. Besides, sector-specific ancillary and downstream industrial parks are proposed to be set up by Idco, preferably in association with the mother plants. CONCLUSION: The Cottage and small scale industries constitute a timeless part of the rich cultural Heritage of India. The element of art and craft present in these industries makes it a potential sector for the upper segments of market domestic as well as global. However, the sector is beset with manifold problems such as obsolete technologies, unorganized production system, low productivity, inadequate working capital, conventional product range, weak marketing link, overall stagnation of production and sales and, above all, competition from power loom and mill sector. As a result of effective Government intervention through financial assistance and implementation of various developmental and welfare schemes, the cottage and small scale sector, to some extent, has been able to tide over these disadvantages. Thus, cottage sector forms a precious part of the generational legacy and exemplifies the richness and diversity of our country and the artistry of the weavers. BIBLIOGRAPHY: 1. texmin.nic.in/annualrep/ar02_c05. 2. apparel.indiamart.com/industry/handlooms/ 3. www.hepcindia.com 4. texmin.nic.in/tex_07.htm 5. www.ieport.com/epc.htm 6. www.indiatogether.org/2006/feb/eco-handloom.htm

Colobus Monkey :: essays papers

Colobus Monkey In Africa there are many types of animals, one of them is the Colobus Monkey. There are different types of Colobus Monkeys: there is the white Colobus, the red Colobus, and the olive Colobus. The Colobus Monkey is a long tailed tree living primate. The Colobus Monkey can be found all over Africa. The Monkey’s hair color varies from were the live. The Colobus Monkey is very unique. It comes in many types of color, is very active in social behavior and is very smart as shown in their lifestyle. The Colobus Monkey comes in many unique colors. The black and white Colobus is found across the equator of Africa. There are five species, among which the color varies from all black to a skunklike black and white pattern. Black and white Colobus monkeys weigh up to nine kg, or twenty pounds. They live in small social groups of about ten animals, that includes one adult male plus females and their offspring. The red Colobus Monkey is found across Africa from Zanzibar to Senegal. Their color is highly variable, ranging from a bright white and red in the monkeys of Eastern Africa to a dark gray and orange in Western African monkeys. They also weigh up to nine kg, or twenty pounds. Males are usually bigger than females. The red Colobus lives in large groups of up to one hundred individuals, including mostly males. It is a major prey of the chimpanzee in forest, where they both live. The olive Colobus is found in the forest of coastal West Africa. It is the most drably colored of the African Colobus Monkey, being a fairly uniform gray-brown. It weighs only ten pounds and lives in groups of six to eight individuals. After giving birth, the females sometimes carry their infants in their mouths. The red Colobus is a little bit smaller than the black and white group. The olive Colobus is the smallest of all at only four hundred fifty-mm. head and body length. â€Å"The Colobus Monkey doesn’t live in very many places. The Colobus Monkey lives in the tropical areas and forest. They are found in the tropical region of Africa.† (mcsd.org/webmac/schools/ogs/colobusmonk.htm) This backups information on where the primate is located.

Guidelines on Termination Letters :: essays papers

Guidelines on Termination Letters Termination Letters A type of â€Å"bad news message† which informs an employee that he is going to be terminated from his current job or position because of a particular reason. Reasons for Terminating an Employee:  · Poor performance of the employee  · Insubordination  · End of Project  · Financial Crisis in the Company  · Closure of Department or Division Do’s 1. Warn the employee beforehand – Make sure that the employee was given a warning that he may be terminated because of : his bad performance; or the financial condition of the company that may lead to the termination or lay-offs of its employees; closure of the department, etc. 2. Explain clearly and completely the reason for the termination - Be sure to state clearly why he is being terminated. –For example, a) because of bad conduct. (Give the specific incident, its witnesses on the particular incident/s. b) financial problems (Tell them straight to the pint that the company is experiencing that problem). The words you use should be clear and understandable, not too broad like the words â€Å"difficult†, etc. 3. Make comments that will retain goodwill – Writer should not write harsh words like â€Å"lazy†, just rephrase or use another better term for it. Remember that the employee should leave the relationship between the terminated employee and the firm as favorable as possible. 4. End with an encouraging note – Don’t dishearten the employee. Don’t state in the letter that because of his bad performance for example, he will have a hard time getting a job. 5. Make suggestion in finding a job, if possible – Suggest companies where he can apply for a job. This is also to encourage the reader of the letter. Don’ts (Avoid) 1. Don’t mislead the reader – Don’t mislead the reader into thinking that the letter

How Should Guilty People Be Punished? :: essays research papers

How should guilty people be punished? Thousands of crimes are committed throughout the year; robbery, fraud, rape etc†¦ The people who commit these crimes and are caught are sent to jail. The only thing is, Every person who committed a crime had a different reason for doing it. That is why the Court exists, to judge each case differently. There should be an individual punishment for every case, because every case is different, and the â€Å"criminals† have different motives. I would like to give examples: For instance in murder cases; if a woman murdered her husband because he would beat her and the only way she could survive was by killing him, this case should be judged differently next to a case for instance a woman killing her husband because she was jealous of him. Both of these woman who committed these crimes should get jail time, because it can set an example to other woman, but the woman from the first case should get in my opinion maximum 2 years of jail time and also community service. Even thow self defense is legal it is very hard to prove. In the cases of robbery; If a man robbed a place for survival, and another man robbed a bank for money, both of these cases should be judged differently, they definitely should get a punishment, but different ones. In the cases of â€Å"first offender† and â€Å"second offender; a first time offender might have done a stupid mistake therefore the penalty should be less severe then someone who has a police record with other convictions. In the cases of â€Å"juveniles† committing crimes; i find that it all depends on the crime, because in some case the â€Å"juvenile† committed the crime because he was under a certain peer pressure, or anything that made him commit the crime against his own will. But in cases of a juvenile committing an act of murder of some sort i think he should be judged as an Adult in court and receive the punishment he deserves. A juvenile who commits the crime usually knows the difference between right and wrong, therefore should get the same punishment as an adult who committed this crime.

Care of the Malnourished Elderly Patient

Table of Contents Page numbers Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 Chapter 1 / Introduction Origin of the Problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 Significance or Importance of the Problem for Nursing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6-8 Problem Statement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 8 Purpose of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 9 Hypothesis- Null and Research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦.. 9 Definition of Terms.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 9-10 Assumptions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 10 Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦. 10 Chapte r II/Review of Literature Review of Literature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11-16 Chapter III/Methodology and Research Design Research Design†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 17 Variables†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17-18 Selection of Subjects and Research Setting†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 18-19 Data Collection Instruments †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦. 19 Statistical Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. †¦. 20 Data Collection Procedure †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 20 Limitations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 21 APPENDICESA. Request for Permission to Survey Participants†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. 22 B. Nutritional Assessme nt Survey†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦23-26 REFERENCES . †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦27-28 Chapter I. Introduction Origin of the Problem In our society, malnutrition and under-nutrition is a rising problem for the older adult population. Approximately 35%-85% of residents living in a long-term care facility, 60% of hospitalized older adults, and an estimate of 5%-10% of older adults living in community settings are malnourished (Maher and Eliadi, n. d. ).These statistics sadly show that hospitalized and long-term care patients are more likely to become under nourished compared to the elderly population in the community. According to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI, 2007), malnutrition ca n lead to serious or adverse health outcomes. Malnutrition has been linked to lengthy hospital stays with higher complications, morbidity, mortality, and frequent visits to their general practitioner (JBI, 2007). There are several risk factors (i. e. physical, psychosocial, social, and medical factors) that lead to malnutrition (Maher & Eliadi, n. . ). It is predicted that by 2030, the elderly population in the United States will double in size and exceed 70 million people. In light of these predictions, addressing the nutritional needs of the elderly will reach epic proportions and become a complex issue. Based on clinical observation, the signs and symptoms of malnutrition and under nutrition are often overlooked. Observing residents in a clinical setting at a local long- term health care facility precipitated our interest in this problem with malnutrition.The majority of elderly people living in care homes either have dementia, suffer from some form of physical disability, or hav e difficulty swallowing, which restricts them from adequately hydrating and nurturing themselves. With dementia, they usually do not remember how to eat or how to chew. With various physical disabilities, such as upper extremity contractures, their ability to feed themselves is often limited. In the event of swallowing difficulties, their food preference is often altered to prevent choking or aspiration.This often discourages them from eating due to the texture of the diet ordered. With the issues fore-stated, the residents often have to rely on the staff to assist them with meals. Caregivers often contribute to the problem of malnutrition because not enough time is devoted to assisting and supervising the residents to ensure they are eating properly. It is our job as caregivers to know the signs of malnutrition and risk factors that lead to malnutrition so that it can be detected and reported to the physician or dietitian early, before major problems occur.Various nutritional scree ning tools, assessment tools, studies, and research programs are available to help isolate and provide aggressive preventive treatment strategies for those at risk. The Nutritional Form for the Elderly (NUFFE), Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), and the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) are instrumental in detecting and providing interventions to decrease morbidity and mortality. These various studies help support the fact that malnutrition is overlooked, unrecognized, and left untreated by nurses and healthcare professionals.Other studies find that even though malnutrition was identified, no interventions were put into place to treat this growing concern. Significance of the Problem for Nursing In a hospital based setting, there are several different groups and departments that deal with patient care. These departments and groups consist of nutritionists, doctors, social workers and other disciplines. However, the nurses are ultimately responsible for the entire care of the patient throughout their stay.Nurses realize that many elderly patients come into the hospital undernourished or malnourished related to their being on a fixed income, having reduced access to food, having poor knowledge of nutrition, or being dependent on others for food preparation. These elderly patients sometimes have chronic illness such as depression, cancer, diabetes, renal failure, and cardiovascular disease that leads to malnutrition or under- nutrition (Briggs 2007). Under-nutrition is a wide spread problem that usually results in the elderly staying in the hospital longer related to a delay in recovery, more complications, and higher mortality rate.That is why it is important for nurses to do a detailed assessment upon admission to prevent these issues or problems. It is the nurse’s responsibility to gather all the background information about a patient during the assessment period. This will help to diagnose the nutritional status from the beginning of the pat ient’s care. Some of the information that is collected during this time, such as the patient’s mental status, allows the nursing team to identify if the patient is oriented or has problems with dementia.According to Briggs’ 2007 article, dementia is a common cause of under nutrition, as are the adverse effects of medications, such as digoxin and some anti-depressants. Antihistamines, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and lithium zinc deficiency can alter a patient’s taste and smell. For this reason, the nurse needs to collect a medication list that is current (Briggs 2007). During this process, nurses should ask questions that will reveal information about the patient’s medical history. This is done to identify possible diseases that have an effect on the patient’s nutritional status.Nurses should use all resources available to them after collecting data to assist with care of the patient. It is important for the nurse to know the po licies and procedures at the current hospital to consult specialists in order to improve patient care. This allows each department access to review the patient’s medical information and provide patient care as needed. Nurses are the primary caregivers for elderly patients in the hospital. When a malnourished patient is admitted nurses often develop plans of care to assist patients with improving their nutrition.Some of the ways that have been recommended are serving food at the appropriate temperature, providing food that is packed with nutrients, offering food that the patient enjoys eating, and giving oral supplements throughout the day to increase caloric intake. A good tip that nurses could use would be to always offer food or drinks when entering the patient’s room. From this research we know that poverty is one reason for malnutrition. When developing a plan of care for this patient the nurses can solicit the help of a social worker to help find resources to save money and provide food (Mayo Clinic, 2011).Malnutrition is a significant problem in nursing because it alters the type of care a nurse can provide. For instance, if a wound already exists, malnourished patients are at a higher risk for decreased wound healing. The nurse will then have to improve the nutritional status before proper wound healing can occur. The malnourished individual can become very weak and is thereby prone to falls. The impoverished elderly patient may not only be malnourished but have insufficient funds to purchase needed supplies, such as diabetic test strips and glucose monitoring systems.This could also lead to weakness and the development of further complications. Nurses need to ensure that daily weights and labs are obtained to track the progress of each patient. Malnutrition may seem secondary in nature, but it can grow into a monumental problem. Problem Statement Do registered nurses use evidence-based standards in the care of elderly hospitalized patient s who are undernourished? Purpose of Study The purpose of this study is to examine registered nurses usage of evidence-based standards in the care of undernourished elderly hospitalized patients.Hypothesis Research Hypothesis: Registered nurses use evidence-based standards in the care of undernourished elderly hospitalized patients. Null Hypothesis: Registered nurses do not use evidence-based standards in the care of undernourished elderly hospitalized patients. Definition of Terms For the purpose of this study, the following terms have been defined: 1. Undernourished- defined as an imbalance of nutrients caused by either an excess intake of nutrients or a nutritional deficit. (Maher & Eliadi, n. d. ) 2. Older Adults- Age 64 or older. Maher & Eliadi, n. d. ) 3. Associate Degree Registered Nurse- Registered nurses (RN’s) provide and coordinate patient care, educate patients and the public about various health conditions, and provide advice and emotional support to patients and their family members. Registered nurses must also become licensed by passing a national licensing examination. An associate degree is an academic degree awarded on satisfactory completion of a 2-year course of study, usually at a junior college. (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2012) (Elsevier, 2009) 4.Evidence-Based Practice- the use of scientific evidence, integrated with clinical experience and incorporating patient values and preferences in the practice of professional nursing care. (Houser, 2012, p. 12) 5. Hospital Setting- a health care facility that provides inpatient beds, continuous nursing services, and an organized medical staff. (Elsevier, 2009) Assumptions 1. If caregivers feed elderly patients, then the proper amount of the meal will be consumed. 2. Registered nurses help to prevent malnutrition in elderly patients. 3. The adequate amount of protein consumed in an elderly patient’s diet prevents malnourishment. . Registered nurses provide help with dietary interven tions of the undernourished. 5. If the proper screening tools are performed on admission, the elderly patient’s weight will improve. Summary People in this nation are living longer. As recognized throughout this research, malnutrition in the elderly patient is at an extremely high level. It is not only the nursing home patients experiencing undernourishment but the hospitalized elderly patients also. Malnutrition is prevalent throughout the elderly community. Through using evidence based practice tandards, malnutrition tools, and education strategies this dilemma can be improved. CHAPTER II. Review of the Literature Undernourishment has long been a prevalent problem among the elderly, especially in an acute-care setting. It has been a long-standing challenge for health-care providers to determine the most effective process for identifying those that are undernourished, at-risk for undernourishment, as well as intervening promptly and appropriately. A review of literature was done to examine registered nurses usage of evidence-based standards in the care of undernourished elderly hospitalized patients.Much of the literature supports the use of nutritional screenings to identify undernourished patients and reduce the number of those patients in the hospital setting. Undernourishment is often referred to as malnutrition. The effects of malnutrition, which is the inadequate consumption of essential nutrients, are very devastating to the health of an individual. As well-known among healthcare providers, inadequate nutrition can prolong wound healing, suppress the immune system, lead to increased length-of-stay, and increase the risk of mortality from comorbidities.The article entitled, â€Å"How well do nurses recognize malnutrition in elderly patients,† describes how well nurses are able to recognize the problem of undernourished patients and if care is being provided to these patients. There are numerous methods that can be used in determining if a patient is malnourished. In this study Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Body Mass Index (BMI), and a detailed questionnaire was used. The MNA is a simple, reliable, and well-validated tool used to determine a patient’s nutritional status.MNA gives a maximum of 30 points. A score of less than 17 indicates the patient is undernourished, while a MNA of 17-23. 5 shows a patient is at risk for malnutrition. BMI is another tool used in determining the status of a patient’s nutritional state. In this study a BMI of less than 20 is considered to be high risk for malnutrition. A questionnaire was given to nurses to determine daily routines related to nutritional care such as amount of food consumed at each meal, snacks between meals, and any oral nutritional supplements given.The study examined elderly patients in a long-term care unit in Helsinki City hospitals in Finland to determine if nurses are able to recognize undernourished patients and if adequate care was provided ( Suominen, Sandelin, Soini, & Pitkala, 2009). The above study included 1,043 elderly hospitalized patients for a two-week period. The nurses measured the BMI of patients as well as their MNA, but the nurses were not aware of the values to determine an undernourished state. In addition, the nurses were asked if they believed the patients were malnourished by simply marking yes or no.The nurses that performed the study participated in a 3-hour course to learn how to organize the study, assess the patients, and to complete the questionnaire (Suominen et al,. 2009). The results of the study, â€Å"How well do nurses recognize malnutrition in elderly patients,† revealed that malnutrition is not recognized by nurses and therefore results in the inability to provide evidence-based care to the patients. The results showed that 56. 7% were malnourished with an MNA

Conservation of Natural Resources

We should be proud of our country’s natural bounty and unique bio-diversity. India is amongst the rare countries where major biomes of the world are represented. India is one among the twelve countries where 60-70% of the world’s total biodiversity exists. India has two out of the 18 biodiversity hot spots in the world. India has rich traditional knowledge and wisdom in the conservation of nature and natural resources. Religious beliefs, culture and folklore have together treated nature and environment with sanctity. Conservation and protection of environment and love for nature have always been part and parcel of Indian ethos and culture. Independent India has traveled a long way on the path of progress and industrialization in order to achieve better quality of life. We have accelerated the process of development without considering the adverse impact on nature and environment. The development without care for environment has posed threats to the very existence of life itself. Now the realization that mere progress and economic development cannot solve all our problems has increased. Development and environment should go hand in hand. Sustainable development is the new paradigm. The Ministry of Environment and Forests has drawn many programmes and policies to combat these problems. Steps are being taken to preserve the pristine eco-systems through establishment of Wildlife Sanctuaries, National Parks and Biosphere Reserves. More and newer areas are being brought into-the protected areas status. At the same time, steps have been †¢taken for welfare of the forest people, particularly the tribals, who have lived in the forests for centuries and who are also repository of traditional knowledge on conservation and sustainable utilization. The National Museum of Natural History is an important institutional tool for spreading awareness on the evolution of our Universe and life on it. It has played a strong and active role in creating environmental awareness. I am happy to say that the Museum has been active in creating such awareness hrough a number of educational programmes, exhibitions, nature camps etc. for more than two-and-a-half decades. Today, the Museum and its Regional Centres are recognized as the centres for non-formal environmental education. It is indeed a pleasure for all of us to be celebrating the 25th Year of the Foundation of the Museum. I am happy to see that a number of children have participated in various activities of the Museum. These activities will help all of you in developing a sense of environmental responsibility, which is so essential in our every day life. It is the absence of this responsibility which is causing problems on our streets, residential areas, market places and other public places. This leaves you all – responsible citizens of tomorrow, with a great burden to shoulder. But I am confident that you have the capacity not merely of shouldering this burden but also influencing people much older to you in following environmental discipline. I wish the officers and staff of National Museum of Natural History the very best in their future endeavour. I would like to thank and congratulate Prof. Yash Pal who has delivered his Key-note on the relevant theme. We need such scientists who could contribute to spread scientific temper among masses which will eventually lead to betterment of their lives and better understanding of the delicate web of life that exists on this only planet known to sustain life. I congratulate the winners of Awards for Prevention of Pollution, Rajiv Gandhi Award for Clean Technology and Indira Gandhi Paryavaran Puraskar. The awardees for the best original writings in Hindi on environmental issues also deserve my special appreciation for their efforts in popularization of environmental issues in the official languages. There is dearth of such literature in the regional languages. The Ministry will encourage other regional languages also which will help to take the environmental message to the grass root levels, across the country. I am personally grateful to our Hon’ble Vice President, Thiru. Shekhawatji to have accepted the invitation to grace the occasion. I know that he is keenly interested in the issues related to environment. His own State of Rajasthan is an example of all climate adversities, yet you can see maximum vibrancy of all forms of life that exist there including those of fellow citizens.

Baba and Mr. Big

Summary Chapter 1 Jim Anderson and his parents Harold and Mrs. Anderson recently moved to Kendal from Savanna La Mar where his father worked as a mechanic. It was during the Christmas vacation that he met three boys in this new Village: Mule, Mongoose and Milo who were spinning tops for fun. The boys laughed at Jim’s feet because unlike them, Jim wore shoes. While Jim was telling the boys of his hobbies like helping the mechanics (such as his father), going swimming and helping the fishermen row in their canoes, the boy who appeared to be the leader, Milo, was getting jealous. A while after Jim had introduced himself to the boys he asked to join their secret club and was tricked into giving them all 15 of his marbles without being allowed to join the club. The boys who though that it was impossible, gave Jim a test to catch a hawk alive in order to join the club. Summary Chapter 2 On his way home, Jim thought of his task of catching the hawk. While walking, he stumbled upon Baba, an old man who spoke with much colloquial language, liked smoking tobacco and lived in a very small, sparsely furnished house. He explained his task of catching the hawk to Baba and Baba later told him of a plan to catch the hawk whom he called Mr. Big. According to Baba’s plan, Jim found a calabash gourd with soft, tender flesh. He found some feathers around the yard and stuck them in the gourd which he shaped to look like a chicken. When the hawk swooped down to pick it up he would get stuck and the hawk would be caught. Later that night Jim had a dream that he was flying behind the hawk towards the mountains but the bird flew through a hole and Jim was shut out. Did this mean that the bird would escape his trap? Summary Chapter 3 On the fifth day after setting the trap Jim went to town and was jeered by the boys that he wouldn’t catch the bird. On the sixth day the hawk came and was caught in Jim’s trap. Jim was afraid to get the hawk from the gourd now and take him back to his cage. In a small space of time, some of the villagers who wanted the hawk dead came marching up and asked Baba if they had seen the hawk but they replied no. When Jim and Baba began examining the bird they realized that it had broken one of its legs; so they nursed the ird and made a bamboo cage for him and Jim decided to keep the hawk for himself until he got better. Summary Chapter 9 Christmas vacation came to an end so Jim had to return to school. As a result, Baba had to take care of Mr. Big while Jim was in school. Baba took Mr. Big to â€Å"the bush† where Mr. Big responded happily to his environment. Although his leg was not fully healed, M r. Big moved from branch to branch and eventually was flying on the chord. Baba realized Mr. Big trusted him and that they now had a friendship. This made Baba content.

Aimee Semple McPherson - Pentecostal Evangelist

Aimee Semple McPherson - Pentecostal Evangelist Known for: successful founding, leadership of a large Pentecostal denomination; kidnapping scandalOccupation: evangelist, religious denomination founderDates: October 9, 1890 - September 27, 1944Also known as: Sister Aimee, Aimee Semple McPherson Hutton About Aimee Semple McPherson Aimee Semple McPherson was the first famous Pentecostal evangelist, seeking publicity to broaden the audience for her religious message, using modern technology (including the automobile and radio) truly a pioneer in religious history. The Foursquare Gospel Church which she founded is now a movement with more than two million members around the world. But most people know her name mainly for an infamous kidnapping scandal. Aimee Semple McPherson disappeared in May 1926. At first Aimee Semple McPherson was presumed drowned. When she reappeared she claimed to have been kidnapped. Many questioned the kidnapping story; gossip had her shacked up in a romantic love nest, though a court case was dropped for lack of evidence. Early Life Aimee Semple McPherson was born in Canada, near Ingersoll, Ontario. Her birth name was Beth Kennedy, and she soon called herself Aimee Elizabeth Kennedy. Her mother was active in the Salvation Army and was the foster daughter of a Salvation Army captain. At age 17 Aimee married Robert James Semple. Together they traveled in 1910 to Hong Kong on their way to China to be missionaries, but Semple died of typhoid fever. A month later, Aimee gave birth to a daughter, Roberta Star Semple, and then moved to New York City, where Aimees mother was working with the Salvation Army. Gospel Career Aimee Semple McPherson and her mother traveled together, working on revival meetings. In 1912 Aimee married Harold Steward McPherson, a salesman. Their son, Rolf Kennedy McPherson, was born a year later. Aimee Semple McPherson began working again in 1916, traveling by automobile a Full Gospel Car with slogans painted on its side. In 1917 she started a paper, The Bridal Call. The next year, Aimee McPherson, her mother and the two children traveled across the country and settled in Los Angeles, and from that center, continued cross-country revival tours, even traveling to Canada and Australia. Harold McPherson came to oppose Aimees traveling and ministry, and they were divorced in 1921, Harold charging her with desertion. By 1923, Aimee Semple McPhersons organizing was successful enough that she able to build the Angelus Temple in Los Angeles, seating more than 5,000. In 1923 she also opened a Bible school, later to become the Lighthouse of International Foursquare Evangelism. In 1924 she started radio broadcasts from the Temple. Aimee Semple McPherson and her mother personally owned these ventures. Aimees flair for dramatic costumes and techniques and her faith healing activities drew many followers to her message of salvation. Initially she also included a Pentecostal revival standard, speaking in tongues, but de-emphasized that over time. She was also known as something of a difficult person to work with, to some of those who worked closely with her in the Temples ministry. Went for a Swim In May 1926, Aimee Semple McPherson went for a swim in the ocean, accompanied by her secretary who stayed on the shore and Aimee disappeared. Her followers and her mother mourned her death while newspapers featured the continuing search and rumors of sightings until June 23, when Aimee reappeared in Mexico with a story of kidnapping and captivity a few days after her mother received a ransom note that threatened that Aimee would be sold into white slavery if the half million dollar ransom was not paid. Kenneth G. Ormiston, who was a radio operator for the Temple, disappeared at the same time, leading to suspicion that she had not been kidnapped but had instead spent the month in a romantic hideaway. There had been gossip about her relationship with him before the disappearance, and his wife had moved back to Australia, claiming her husband was involved with McPherson. There were reports that a woman who looked like Aimee Semple McPherson had been seen in a resort town with Ormiston during McPhersons disappearance. Suspicion led to a grand jury investigation and charges of perjury and manufacturing evidence against McPherson and Ormiston, but the charges were dropped the next year without explanation. After the Kidnapping Scandal Her ministry continued. If anything, her celebrity was greater. Within the church, there were some repercussions to the suspicions and scandal: Aimees mother even split from her. Aimee Semple McPherson married again in 1931. David Hutton, ten years her junior and a member of Angelus Temple, filed for divorce in 1933 and it was granted in 1934. Legal disputes and financial difficulty marked the next years of the churchs history. McPherson continued to lead the churchs many activities, including her radio talks and her preaching, and the financial difficulties were largely overcome by the 1940s. In 1944, Aimee Semple McPherson died of an overdose of sedatives. The overdose was pronounced accidental, complicated by kidney problems, though many suspected suicide. Legacy The movement that Aimee Semple McPherson founded continues today at the end of the 20th century, it claimed about two million members in more than 30 countries, including the 5,300 seat Angelus Temple in California. Her son Rolf succeeded her to leadership. Aimee Semple McPherson on This Site Aimee Semple McPherson Quotations Suggested Reading Women and Religion - ProtestantismNotorious Women Print Bibliography McPherson, Aimee Semple.  The Story of My Life. 1951.McPherson, Aimee Semple.  This is That. Revised 1923.McPherson, Aimee Semple.  The Second Coming of Christ. 1921.McPherson, Aimee Semple.  The Service of the King. 1927.McPherson, Aimee Semple.  Give Me My Own God. 1936.Austin, Alvyn.  Aimee Semple McPherson.Bahr, Robert.  Least of All the Saints.  1979.Blumhofer, Edith.  Aimee Semple McPherson: Everybodys Sister.  1993.Cox, Raymond L.  The Verdict is In.  1983.Epstein, Daniel Mark.  Sister Aimee: The Life of Aimee Semple McPherson.  1993.Mavity, Nancy Barr.  Sister Aimee. 1931.Thomas, Lately.  Storming Heaven: The Life and Times of Minnie Kennedy and Aimee Semple McPherson. 1970.Thomas, Lately.  The Vanishing Evangelist. 1959. Media Portrayals The Disappearance of Aimee.  1976 television film. Aimee Semple McPherson on the Net Aimee Semple McPhersonArticle from  Todays Christian  on the life of Aimee Semple McPherson, Pentecostal preaching sensation.Aimee Semple McPhersonArticle from  Christian History  on Aimee Semple McPherson, Foursquare phenomenon.Aimee Semple McPhersonCalling McPherson A Woman of Destiny, this evangelism sites biography emphasizes her ministry and the tragedies of her life and de-emphasizes scandals.Aimee Semple McPhersonNewsy article on the career and scandals of Aimee Semple McPherson, L.A.s First Evangelical Star.Aimee Semple McPhersonThis site, with biography, photos gallery, contemporary news and magazine articles, and more, uses Aimee McPhersons unique public life as an example of the changing roles of women in the 1920s.Our FounderA biography of Aimee Semple McPherson from the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel, which she founded.SisterEdith L. Blumhofer, in  Christian History, writes of the first Pentecostal to become a national sensation. Around About Four-Square GospelPentecostal Church

Dave Hockney essays

Dave Hockney essays Dave Hockney is often regarded as one of the most influential artists for the twentieth century, whose imagination is not limited to photography but primarily as a painter, draftsman and set designer. Born July 9th 1937, Hockneys interest in art was evident from a very early age, and he pursued this interest despite contempt from those otherwise inclined. Hockneys mother, Laura, held education of high importance and attempted to give her son the best schooling opportunities possible. Hockney was a bright student, but eventually became disinterested in his general studies in favour of his creative pursuits. In 1953, Hockney enrolled in the Bradford School of Art, and this was where he began painting with oils, his medium of choice for most of his life. He became more aware of his role as an artist, and realised that a process of seeing and thinking rather than simply imitation was vital for successful artwork. His work was abstract and became quite personal, reflecting his view of human sexuality and love. His commencement of education as the Painting School of the Royal College in London was a significant point in Hockneys life that enabled him to gain national attention as an artist. To begin with his work was still largely abstract, but upon feeling dissatisfied with this work, Hockney began to focus more on the need for a meaningful subject matter through his work. He initially explored painting issues such as vegetarianism and poetic expression, before eventuating to the topic of his sexual orientation, a feature that is present in much of his later work. Hockneys experiences as a homosexual male during this time period provided a basis for much of his work, and the social life that he lived enabled his contact with other admired artists including Andy Warhol. Hockney eventually relocated to America, with the main interest to pursue his fascination with the Californian way of life. He wa...

Marketing Myopia essays

Marketing Myopia essays Marketing Myopia is the failure to define an organization's purpose in terms of its function from the consumers' point of view. For example, railway companies that define their markets in terms of trains, rather than transportation, fail to recognize the challenge of competition from cars, airlines, and buses. It is therefore necessary to define the needs of the consumer in more general terms rather than product-specific terms. Marketing Myopia is the short sighted look of the managers in wrongly identifying the category and goals of the company, not looking at the whole industry of the product neglecting the fields of opportunities in their area of industry, not listening to the customer's real needs and expectations. Do not think bricks but think building materials. Do not think glass bottles, think containers. That way if building materials or containers change, the company can still be in business. More importantly, if the company thinks one level up and is in tune with the changes in its customer's needs, it has a chance to make changes in its production. Encyclopedia Britannica's temporary denial of the effect computers and CD-ROMs would have on its core business. The company thought that their business is to writing and selling books; they did not see the technological change and did not understand the meanings that something that was once priced at over $1,000 became a giveaway with most personal computers. Ouch! They should have realized they were in the business of selling Information and not just writing books. IBM - Thomas Watson, Jr., son of the IBM founder, tells in his book, Father, Son "We are in the business of supplying punch card machinery." The old-guard IBM making huge profits sellin ...

Free Essays on Engineering Ethics

There are many character traits and assets that one could posses to be an engineer. These traits will differ between individuals, and how they perform their job. In the engineering world, there are many issues that engineers go through that are not apparent to most people. Examples of this include organizational, ethical, and legal pressures that an engineer must face. Ethics would probably bee the most important of these factors. The engineering code of ethics must be followed in the course of a job, and if it’s neglected in any way, an engineer can most likely lose his employment, and respect by fellow engineers and companies. I believe that some of the character traits I posses that would help me succeed in the computer engineering field are honesty, dedication, time management skills, and a positive work ethic. Honesty plays a very important role in the workplace. If employees were to lie to one another about the job they are performing, what work would get done? Even though dishonesty is wrong, it occurs very often in the world of business. The ability to present the truth in a clear and concise manner to co-workers, bosses, and other companies is something that will greatly help an engineer’s performance in the workplace. If you tell your boss that a design will not work, hopefully he will respect your honesty and wait till the problem has been dealt with. However, as seen in the movies presented in class, sometimes the upper management will go ahead and sell the idea anyways. This can make many non-desirable events happen for the company, and could ultimately end in the company going out of business. I have never lied to an employer or co-worker. Granted, I have not had a job that was significantly important, but this still applies to everything you do. Dedication to your job goes hand in hand with being honest about your work. If you don’t enjoy your work, or simply just do it for the paycheck, the q... Free Essays on Engineering Ethics Free Essays on Engineering Ethics There are many character traits and assets that one could posses to be an engineer. These traits will differ between individuals, and how they perform their job. In the engineering world, there are many issues that engineers go through that are not apparent to most people. Examples of this include organizational, ethical, and legal pressures that an engineer must face. Ethics would probably bee the most important of these factors. The engineering code of ethics must be followed in the course of a job, and if it’s neglected in any way, an engineer can most likely lose his employment, and respect by fellow engineers and companies. I believe that some of the character traits I posses that would help me succeed in the computer engineering field are honesty, dedication, time management skills, and a positive work ethic. Honesty plays a very important role in the workplace. If employees were to lie to one another about the job they are performing, what work would get done? Even though dishonesty is wrong, it occurs very often in the world of business. The ability to present the truth in a clear and concise manner to co-workers, bosses, and other companies is something that will greatly help an engineer’s performance in the workplace. If you tell your boss that a design will not work, hopefully he will respect your honesty and wait till the problem has been dealt with. However, as seen in the movies presented in class, sometimes the upper management will go ahead and sell the idea anyways. This can make many non-desirable events happen for the company, and could ultimately end in the company going out of business. I have never lied to an employer or co-worker. Granted, I have not had a job that was significantly important, but this still applies to everything you do. Dedication to your job goes hand in hand with being honest about your work. If you don’t enjoy your work, or simply just do it for the paycheck, the q...

Marduk the Mesopotamian Creation God

Marduk the Mesopotamian Creation God Marduk- also know as Bel or Sanda- is a Babylonian creator god who defeats an earlier generation of water gods to form and populate the earth, according to the earliest written creation epic, the Enuma Elish, which is presumed to have heavily influenced the writing of Genesis I in the Old Testament. Marduks acts of creation mark the start of time and are commemorated annually as the new year. Following Marduks victory over Tiamat, the gods assemble, celebrate, and honor Marduk by conferring 50 name attributes on him. Marduk Gains Power Over the Gods Marduk became prominent in Babylonia, thanks historically to Hammurabi. Nebuchadnezzar I was the first to officially acknowledge that Marduk was head of the pantheon, in the 12th century B.C. Mythologically, before Marduk went into battle against the salt-water god Tiamat, he obtained power over the other gods, with their volition. Jastrow says, despite his primacy, Marduk always acknowledges Eas priority. The Many Names of Marduk Marduk, having received 50 names, received epithets of other gods. Thus, Marduk may have been associated with Shamash as a  sun god and with Adad as a storm god. According to A Dictionary of World Mythology, there was a henotheistic tendency in the Assyro-Babylonian pantheon that led to the incorporation of various other gods within Marduk. Zagmuk, the spring equinox new years festival marked the resurrection of Marduk. It was also the day the Babylonian kings powers were renewed. Sources Studies in Marduk, by W. G. Lambert. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London (1984).Sennacherib and Tarsus, by Stephanie Dalley. Anatolian Studies (1999).The civilization of Babylonia and Assyria, by Morris Jastrow (1915)

The Essay Expert’s Top 10 Lists of 2014

The Essay Expert’s Top 10 Lists of 2014 This is the time of year where typically I share LinkedIn’s list for the past year of overused buzzwords. Sadly, no such list has been issued this year. While one enthusiastic reader encouraged me to create my own list, I don’t have the analytical tools to discern the most popular words and phrases in LinkedIn profiles throughout the world. So I am appeasing myself with sharing a list of lists that span a range of topics, from LinkedIn to love. Here are some lists I will refer back to as 2015 unfolds. The first five are related to my professional wheelhouse- job search and LinkedIn- and the second five run the gamut on more personal topics! 10 Data-Driven Steps to Dominate LinkedIn Publishing. This list is a must-have for anyone publishing articles on LinkedIn. I was just reminded to publish my posts on Thursdays – and to write longer articles! Top 7 Mistakes You Didn’t Know You Were Making On LinkedIn. This one comes from yours truly and it’s a must-read if you didn’t catch it the first time around! You will get some good reminders here whether you’re a beginning or more advanced LinkedIn user. The 25 Hottest Skills of 2014 on LinkedIn. As LinkedIn opines, â€Å"If your skills fit one of the categories below, there’s a good chance you either started a new job or garnered the interest of a recruiter in the past year.† By the Numbers: 120 Amazing LinkedIn Statistics. This article provides a treasure trove of LinkedIn-related numbers- and a compelling argument for why every professional needs a compelling and complete LinkedIn profile! 14 Job Search Predictions for 2015. Fourteen career experts offer their wisdom on the 2015 career landscape in this value-packed article! Non-Job Search Related Lists- Time-Saving Tools, Communication Tools, and More! The 10 Best Time-Saving Tools of 2014. I am inspired to start using some of these tools and start planning for how to use all those extra hours! 50 New Year’s Resolution Ideas And How To Achieve Each Of Them. This list is reassuring in that it lets me know I’m not alone in the goals I set for my life. And what great resources for achieving each of them! 20 Alternative Uses For Common Household Items. Did you know that petroleum jelly can keep your car doors from freezing shut and that raw honey is an antibiotic? That’s just a taste of the extremely useful tips offered in this article! 20 Life Skills to Keep Peace in Your Relationship. These self-awareness and communication skills will create healthy relationships with romantic partners, family and friends. I know I am doing the right thing when I see these skills improving in myself and the people around me! Top 100 Best Places to Live. I like this list especially because I live in the #1-ranked city – Madison, WI!! I also know that a lot of people reading this blog might be considering relocation, and lists like these are useful resources as you choose your next home. I also want to give a mention to 25 of the Most Creative Sculptures and Statues from Around the World, sent to me by my publicist Scott Becher. I’m sharing it, well, ‘cuz it’s cool and will exercise a different part of your brain. What’s your favorite list from 2014? Please share! I’m planning to make this an annual blog, so if you have candidates for the list as 2015 unfolds, please send them my way!